The Next Generation of Insects and Insecticides Essay

The Next Generation of Insects and Insecticides - Essay Example Creepy crawlies are life forms which are viewed as generally various in a characteristic nature. They exist as either gainful or hurtful, contingent upon the idea of its nature. Right on time of the nineteenth century, certain types of arthropods like mosquitoes, have been viewed as causative specialists of some significant maladies and the revelation of one modest however compelling bug spray called dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane or DDT in the year 1940s was considered as a huge advancement in the administration of vector-borne sicknesses (Roosendall, 1997, p.1: standard 1-2). generally gainful. Previously, creepy crawlies like pollinator honey bees could accomplish the fertilization needs of plantations, grounds with sunflower, berry patches and pumpkins. Today, a few homesteads are huge, with less close by living space, and ordinarily depend on bumble bees to fertilize the yields and pesticides to restrain the weeds and bug creepy crawlies (US Agroforestry Notes, 2007, p. 1: standard 1). Bug sprays are synthetically planned substances that comprise of wide range poisonous elements for target creepy crawlies and when these substances are retained through the bugs' exoskeletal structures, it can result to death ( p. 1: standard 4). Then again, there are as of now documentations on creepy crawly protection from DDT since year 1447 and up to the present, researchers are persistently examining on components of how bugs hereditarily and typically react to uses of bug sprays. Open Concerns on Insects and Insecticide Use During 1950s and mid 1960s, a few nations sorted out to limit or destroy vector-borne sicknesses, for example, Malaria, Leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease through the presentation and utilization of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane or DDT. From the outset, the projects were fruitful and a few nations have demonstrated to control the vectors (bugs that transmit illnesses), at the same time, in many nations, the achievement is short named and they have seen that the creepy crawlies created protection from DDT which picked individuals to utilize progressively costly synthetics (Roosendall, 1997, p.1: standard 3).In North America, West Nile Virus (WNV) has been a difficult issue since 1999. The infection is normally transmitted by grown-up mosquitoes. Along these lines, in territories of Canada and all through United States, bug sprays are applied to investigate the flare-up of WNV which Your Name Here 3 thus brought about a few open concerns, especially on the danger of bug spray use. In 2005, World Health Organization incited to assess the human-wellbeing dangers for WNV, wellbeing impacts from WNV contamination and surveyed potential populace dangers among human subgroups all through WNV ailment flare-up situation. Results demonstrate that the degree of human-wellbeing dangers because of family unit presentation to mosquito bug sprays are low and won't liable to go past degrees of concern. Additionally, results show that, as indicated by human wellbeing measures, the dangers from WNV is more than the dangers from hurtful impacts or presentation to mosquito bug sprays (Environ Health Perspective, 2006, 114: 366-372). Thus, there are likewise bug sprays from most pet items. Organophosphates found in these

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Response paper - Essay Example Characterizing restraint and determination, the creator cites that poise is the capacity to set objectives while self control encourages the person to achieve those objectives. Notwithstanding defining objectives and accomplishing them, it is similarly essential to get to how far we have reached in achieving them so as to know the adequacy of the system utilized. Refering to down to earth models the creator additionally alerts that resolve can become exhausted when it is abused. The more an individual applies obstruction in one specific assignment the chance of performing less well in different undertakings increments. Regardless of the way that the capacity to practice self control likewise relies upon the hereditary cosmetics of an individual, analysts accept that individuals can discover approaches to apply the equivalent by putting controls in enticing exercises, for example, spending and eating. In less genuine investigations which were led to test the discretion of the members, the individuals who believed the analysis to be fun shown higher poise contrasted with the individuals who attempted the test as a genuine work. Notwithstanding, the creator determines that it ought to likewise be borne as a primary concern that poise is a prudence and that it can't be considered daintily. Moreover individuals may do not have what it takes to rehearse discretion or they may have the right stuff and come up short on the capacity to utilize them appropriately. This can be redressed through legitimate advising direction. In any event, rehearsing to keep out the allurement for the present will assist with beating it over the long haul and what's more individuals can likewise build up a conviction that opposing the correct enticements will just bring reward sometime down the road. Tugend, Alina. â€Å"Pumping up the discretion in the Age of Temptations.† The New York Times. 8 Oct. 2010. Web. 31 Aug 2010.

Its time COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Its time COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Were thrilled to announce that SIPAs 2018 Application Portal has officially opened. But dont click the APPLY NOW button just yet. Before wading through the choppy waters of your admission application, we recommend you get your ducks in a row. To get started 1. Subscribe to the  Admissions Blog   Yes, this blog! 2. Add the  Application Deadlines  to your calendar  Absolutely all materials must be submitted by the deadline to be eligible for the entry term. MIA, MPA, MPA-DP PROGRAMS SPRING 2018  (MIA/MPA only) October 15, 2017 at 11:59 p.m. EST FALL 2018 Early Action Deadline:  November 2, 2017 at 11:59 p.m. EST Fellowship Consideration Deadline:  January 5, 2018 at 11:59 p.m. EST Final Application Deadline:  February 5, 2018 at 11:59 p.m. EST 3. Register for and attend an in-person or virtual  Information Session    Well add more throughout the year, so check back frequently. 4. Practice your  Video Essay  response Yes, its required, but dont stress too much. Just review the link  for detailed help. 5. Relax and enjoy this photo of the Admissions Offices unofficial mascot, Sutton. Yeah, we know shes adorable. The photo up top. No, shes not for sale. Want to learn more? Email us at sipa_admission@sipa.columbia.edu  with any questions you have about the application process.

Hills Like White Elephants A Critical Analysis - 1708 Words

â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†: A Critical Analysis Introduction: One of the many themes in his stories for which Ernest Heming way is known, includes feminism. At Hemingway’s time feminism was known as a famous movement and it affected many important writers like Octavia Butler and Virginia Woolf. Hemingway was a literary icon of his time and he was influenced by the political, social and human rights movements of his time. He was also touched by the hopelessness of women and how their thinking and decision making is manipulated by the dominant male class. His story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† focuses on a situation which he apparently noticed during his trip of Spain; he overheard a couple discussing the abortion and risks included in this. Thesis: Basically, this story is set in a railway station in the valley of Ebro, Spain. The writer waits for the express from Barcelona and that is the exact time when he overhears an American couple talking about something which sounds like abortion. This word is not used even once in the story but, the course of the discussion makes it pretty clear that it was something about a decision which is to be made by the girl, although she was forced by her companion. The man in this story represents a modern Western man. While he understands the importance of free will and women s rights, he is still a man and he wants to force his decision on his companion in a way which does not make him look like forcing his opinion. It is evident thatShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants923 Words   |  4 PagesMikhail Shimonov Professor Kaufman March 28, 2011 Critical Analysis of Hills like White Elephants At first glance, Hills like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway, may allude to many interpretations, however, the short story has a clear purpose. Set in the Ebro River valley in Spain, the story looms around the issue brought forth by Jig and the American, who is nameless throughout the whole story. The issue here being the ‘simple operation’ that Jig is about to undergo which happens to be anRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Hills Like White Elephants1437 Words   |  6 Pagesemotionally-driven) remarks that are made. For instance, when it is first mentioned that the girl stares off into the hills, she states that the hills look like white elephants, to which the man replies, almost indifferently, â€Å"I’ve never seen one,† to which the girl replies, â€Å"No, you wouldn’t have.† (804) The man then replies that what she says about him never (seeing a hill that looks like white elephants) doesn’t prove anything. This exchange is only th ree relatively short lines; through this, however, one canRead MoreCritical Analysis on Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Essay575 Words   |  3 Pages The thing that makes, Hills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway such a powerful story is the subtlety with which it is told. Hemingway is commenting on subject matter which for the time would have been considered taboo, but does so without actually spelling it out for the reader. As the characters sit together drinking beer and talking, it becomes immediately apparent that there is something weighty between them and as the conversation continues, the reader can feel pressure building betweenRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Hills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway1089 Words   |  5 Pagesentire generation of aspiring writers who came after him. Hemingway’s short and economical style is perhaps best displayed in his earlier work, most notably in his short stories, and one of his earliest, and most famous, short stories is â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants.† The story is about two people who are simply referred to as ‘the American’ and ‘the girl,’ at a train station, waiting to catch the next express to Barcelona; they have drinks as they wait and they talk about the seemingly mundane, butRead MoreCritical Analysis of the Short Story ‘Hills Like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway.1497 Words   |  6 Pages------------------------------------------------- Critical Reading of Literature in English Critical Analysis of the short story ‘Hills like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway. Word Count: 1367 Hills like White Elephants – Ernest Hemingway â€Å"Will Jig have the abortion and stay with the man; will Jig have the abortion and leave the man; or will Jig not have the abortion and win the man over to her point of view?† (Hashmi, N, 2003). These are the three different scenarios that have beenRead Moreâ€Å"the Lottery† and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† Essay881 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† Regardless of the type of society people live in controversial topics and cowardly individuals can create conflict. The stories â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway implement this concept. â€Å"The Lottery† is about a small town that holds an annual lottery in which the winner will be killed. â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† is the story of a couple’s discussion over the decision they must make of whether orRead More Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Hills Like White Elephants â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, by Ernest Hemingway, is a short story published in 1927 that takes place in a train station in Spain with a man and a woman discussing an operation. Most of the story is simply dialogue between the two characters, the American and Jig. This couple is at a critical point in their lives when they must decide whether or not to have an abortion. Certain themes arise from this story such as choices and consequences, doubtRead MoreEssay about Modernism: Hills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway1578 Words   |  7 Pagesthe restricted human spirit. It had no trust in the moral conventions and codes of the past. One of the examples of modernism, that breaks the conventions and traditions of literature prior to Modernism, is Ernest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†. The short story uses plot, symbolism, setting, dialogue, and a new style of writing to allow human spirit to experiment with meaning a nd interpretation. Some of the characteristics of Modernism are: a desire to break conventions and establishedRead MoreHills Like White Elephants, a Theme Analysis Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesHemmingway uses time, place, and symbolism in Hills like White Elephants to intensify the central dilemma in a story about a man and a woman deciding on whether to go through with an abortion. Although a literal reading of the title may not seem to have any relation to the story, the title is rich in implications. Critics suggest that Hills refers to the shape of a womans stomach when pregnant, and Websters 21st Century Dictionary defines white elephant as: [An] awkward, useless possession. Read MoreThe Tell Tale Heart Analysis1295 Words   |  6 PagesIt can also be said that the style utilizes realistic techniques using narratives with surreal or dreamlike elements. An example of Magic realism in Sherman Alexie’s short story is how Thomas Builds-the-fire jumped off the roof and flapped his arms lik e an eagle. They describes him as â€Å"flying†. The story also likens his broken arm to that of a broken â€Å"wing†. Sherman Alexie uses this technique as he is an Indigenous American with ancestry for many different Native American tribes. What are the characteristics

The Fate Of Twisted Love - 1604 Words

Tashanna Daniels Mr. Levy English III 16 November 2016 The Fate of Twisted Love Toni Morrison uses the theme twisted love in Beloved to show symbolism on her past versus her in the present. I. Beloved A. Some believe that she was Sethe dead daughter 1. â€Å" †¦as she sees the actual flesh of Beloved Sethe disappears into the bond with Beloved†¦ Denver sees that something must be done.† (Demetrakopulos 75) 2. â€Å"†¦ Beloved was the reincarnation of the daughter she lost initially fils her with joy and a sense of peace† (Napiekowski 28) B. she was named after the funeral session 1. â€Å"†¦every word she heard the preacher say at the funeral engraved on her baby’s headstone: Dearly Beloved† 2. â€Å" With another ten she could have gotten Dearly too† II. Twisted love A. She did what she thought was right for the better of her baby daughter. 1. â€Å"That the child killed is a girls is important. Sethe has her older daughter in hand and the other 3 children with her in the barn and is clearly planning to kill them all before taking her own life.† (Demetakopolus 72) 2. â€Å"†¦ Beloved, in a long perspective, is a child of foulness’ masterpiece† (bloom 1) B. Sethe used paradox. 1. â€Å"†¦I know of the paradoxical polarities in motherhood. For Sethe the children are better off dead.† (Demetrakapoulous 71) 2. â€Å" The child as the adults fantasy of the future is obviously central to Sethe murder of Beloved.† (Demetrakapoulous 71) III. Symbolism A.Show MoreRelatedSymbolism And Symbolism In Whartons Ethan Frome1356 Words   |  6 Pagesmocking him and that â€Å"most of the smart ones get away†(6-7) THe town is a collection of unhappiness, grimness, and misfortune. The author uses the red color of Mattie’s lips and scarf to convey love, brightness, and blood that are displayed throughout the story. The author uses the color red to symbolize love because red is a color that is commonly attributed to heart and passion. When Ethan is watching the dance from outside of the church, he sees a young man that â€Å"drew forth a girl who had alreadyRead MoreExamining the Tragic Protagonists of Oedipus Rex and Hamlet657 Words   |  3 PagesDuring his fall from high to low, the protagonist is unable to escape his fate, though he may try so hard to break it. In Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet†, Hamlet holds the position of prince of Denmark, a job of high authority, though by the visitation of the ghost of his father, the former King, fate enacts a twisted and nasty downfall upon himself and others, on people he loves, like his mother, Queen Gertrude, and his deepest love, Ophelia, and hates, his uncle, King Claudius. Like in â€Å"Haml et†, SophoclesRead MoreThe Myth Of Achilles And The Trojan War955 Words   |  4 Pagesmodern society. But, they have been morphed to society’s desires. This is demonstrated in the movie Troy, where the stories have been changed for modern audience. The director condensed the story, and changed the story to show some romanticism and love. This is shown from the absence of the greek gods, significance of certain characters, inaccurate information, the morphed traits of certain characters, and the falsehood of romantic presence. In greek society the gods played a great role in the TrojanRead MoreThe Crucible-Theme- 5-Paragraph Essay704 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Even the Good can be Twisted† â€Å"Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind dont matter and those who matter dont mind.† ( Dr. Seuss) â€Å"Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil.† (Psalm 23:4) â€Å"God has given you one face, and you make yourself another.† (William Shakespeare) These quotes, found throughout many different time periods of history, all say the same: â€Å"Be who you are and don’t let anything change that.† These are great words toRead MoreHow Friar Lawrence and Fate Impacted the Demise of Romeo and Juliet638 Words   |  3 Pagesthink of the consequences that could take place if the plan should unfold as intended. Meanwhile, Fate seemed to have its way with the young couple, throwing numerous obstacles to get in the way of their love. It seemed as if Romeo and Juliet’s love was doomed from the very start. Due to these unfortunate circumstances and twisted chain of events, Friar Lawrenc e unwittingly worked in conjunction with Fate to bring about the tragic deaths of Romeo and Juliet. Friar Lawrence and his plan were partiallyRead MoreFate in Romeo and Juliet771 Words   |  4 Pageswhy did Juliet wake up in time to see dying Romeo? What exactly ties all events together? Fate. In the beginning of the play it is told, A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life; (Prologue.6) this sentence indicates that from the very beginning the fate of Romeo and Juliet is written in the stars. Their fate was to fall in love and die with a passion in order to end their familys feud. Since their fate was bond in a silent promise it might be a reason for their meeting at the Capulets partyRead MoreMedea Written by Euripides993 Words   |  4 Pagesthe city. With such a tremendous act of betrayal is Medea a victim of love or is she a villain who has no mercy. Her motive makes her a deceiving victim, for Medea is a villain that is playing the role of a damsel in distress to get her way. Fate is a power that control what happens in the future and is beyond some control. Medea was not the typical heroine to be dictated by fate but yet fate played a part in her demise. Fate predicted the downfall to come for she had risked her life in order toRead MoreThe Role Fate Plays in Shakespeares Romeo and Julite1149 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Whats meant to be will always find a way,† claimed Trisha Yearwood on the theme of fate. â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† was undoubtedly one of the most well-known romantic tragedies written by William Shakespeare. It centred around two lovers from feuding families, who take their own lives. Their deaths ironically created an atmosphere where their love could freely flourish for it reconciled the two families. We were introduced to the play by a prologue that concretely mentions Fate’s influence on the courseRead More Antigone Essay examples1465 Words   |  6 Pages One commentator has argued in quot;Antigonequot; that Anti gones quot;view of what is right is as twisted as that of Creon.quot; Although I do not believe that either Antigones or Creons view is quot;twisted,quot; I do believe that their fate is a direct result of their extreme pride and stubbornness. In quot;Antigone,quot; Sophocles examines the conflict between the requirements of human and divine law that is centered on the burial of Polynices, Antigones brother and Creons nephewRead MoreThe Opening Monologue Of William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1698 Words   |  7 Pagesoutright in love with Juliet, but the truth is his first love was Rosaline. Even when he marries Juliet, his friends are unaware and still believe he is in love with Rosaline. Although Rosaline is referenced at the beginning of for the play, she does not make an appearance during the play. Friar Lawrence even expresses shock at Romeo’s quick change in affections. Romeo’s love for Rosaline appears to be puppy love compared to his love for Juliet. Over the course of this play Romeo’s love for Juliet

Holocaust Free Essays

It was the biggest genocide to ever take place in human history. Most history teachings are based upon factual records but many horrors of the Holocaust went undocumented and can only be understood through the court hearings, diaries, stories, drawings, and first hand experiences of the survivors. Holocaust history focuses on Jews but all undesirables were included in the genocide including: handicapped, Jehovah witnesses, homosexuals, and gypsies. We will write a custom essay sample on Holocaust or any similar topic only for you Order Now After World War l, Germany was pounded with war reparations. They didn’t only lose the war; they lost their pride and nationalism to their country. Germany’s was limited to an army of 100,000 men, and limited to even fewer ships. They suffered a great amount of territorial losses, and the worst of all, they had to accept the humiliation of being held solely responsible for the war. The losses, the destruction, and the depression after World War I was all rested upon the shoulders of the Germans. (Hosted) Along with these harsh war reparations, the world was suffering from the Great Depression. Their entire middle class was wiped out and they were undergoing ass unemployment. Their fragile democracy didn’t stand a chance in restoring their nation. Social unrest gave the rise to countless radical parties and the democracy fell to pieces. Germany was longing for stability and direction, and desperate for a powerhouse to restore organization. Unfortunately many found this hope in Hitler. Hitler was an unhappy child growing up but his youth was nothing out of the ordinary. He grew up in Austria, but he moved to Vienna in his later years. In Vienna, Jews were given the equal opportunity to express their talent, providing Hitler with the opportunity to develop his racism towards the group. He had little social life; he believed that art, military, and music were the only important things in life. He was intelligent, and a great speaker, which would later become very useful to him. (Hitler in color) World War I enabled Hitter’s rise to power. Germany was in ruins and desperate for any power to take over, and Hitler was there to step in and relate to them. He shared their misery and hatreds and knew how to attract crowds. His convincing and motivational speeches that spoke of Germany on the track to coming a world power again gained people’s vote. Hitler promised the people of Germany a future. He promised to reinitialize the Rangeland, reclaim German territories, and bring power back to Germany. Disparity among the people caused them to overlook the harsh terms of the Nazi way of life. Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in January of 1933. He became the head of state and the head of government, in the now totalitarian government of Germany. During Hitter’s regime, also commonly known as the â€Å"Third Reich† or â€Å"Nazi Germany’, Hitler restored jobs to over a million people. He created public works programs and he funded them with military spending. This gained him a lot of support from his people who had been suffering from a financial depression, and economic chaos. Opposition to the government was nonexistent. Civil service members swore to an oath in which the vowed to be unconditionally obedient to their Ruler. Whatever Hitler did was the law. The government even controlled opinions and artwork; there was no room for any up rises or outbreaks. In classrooms, the youth were taught to obey Hitler. Hitler created a Nazi Youth Group that became very popular among the children. The best of the best were recruited for his group: the athletes, the educated, and the well-off in Hitter’s Nazi Youth Group skyrocketed from 50,000 members to 5 million members. In late 1936, it became mandatory for all children to Join the Nazi Youth Group. The children were taught of superior traits, and how the Jews were at fault for the unfortunate times that their country had been suffering. School teachings included racism, anti-Semitism, and obedience to the state. At eighteen, it was mandatory for all boys to enlist in Hitter’s army. The people of Germany were taught by a young age o obey Hitler. It was as the whole country was brainwashed into the thoughts of their new leader. At first Jews and other undesirables were Just separated from society and denied certain rights. They were not allowed to intermarry with non-Jews and they couldn’t practice certain professions such as: teachers, nurses, lawyers, etc. Eventually all undesirables were to be eliminated from society all in all. Hitler created â€Å"camps† that would separate the Jews from the rest of the population so they could no longer affect their nation’s success and prosperity. Urban) On November 9th, 938, Non-Germans flooded the streets where Jewish businesses and homes were located. They threw glass through windows, burned down homes and stores, demolished the streets, and murdered and beat thousands of Jews. The night will forever be remembered in history as Circumstantial. On this night, 30,000 Jews were arrested and placed into concentration camps. The first concentration camp to come about was Dachas in Germany near Munich. At the camp, violence and terror kept the inmates in order. Upon entering the camp they were humiliated; they were stripped of their clothes and had their heads shaved. Some were killed immediately. Some were used for slave labor. The camps lacked hygiene and basic medical care so many caught diseases, which spread from inmate to inmate. Along with diseases, the Jews were barely fed, if ever, and rarely given water. Malnutrition and poor living conditions took a toll on the camp’s inmates. This torture and terror on a daily basis was the new life of misery that these Jews were unable to escape. (Dillon) Other concentration camps emerged. The most notorious were: Chanteuses near Berlin, Buchwald near Whimper, Lightener near Murderers, and the most tourism of all, Auschwitz. Auschwitz was the largest concentration camp. It was in southern Poland alongside a military base, and also conveniently located right along a railway making transportation of Jews very easy for Hitter’s civil service. It was right in the center of all of Rupee’s German-occupied countries. The Jews were greeted with the message â€Å"Work will set you free! † Upon entering, Nazi doctors examined the Jews. If they were determined useless, they were directed to the shower-disguised gas chambers. This group included young children, women, and elderly. If they were en as useful, they were directed to the slave labor side of the camp. The ones who didn’t get put to immediate death usually died shortly after from overworking and disease. â€Å"Some Auschwitz prisoners were subjected to inhumane medical experimentation. The chief perpetrator of this barbaric research was Josef Mangle (1911-79), a German physician who began working at Auschwitz in 1943. Mangle, who came to be known as the â€Å"Angel of Death,† performed a range of experiments on detainees. For example, in an effort to study eye color, he injected serum into the eyeballs of dozens of children, causing them excruciating pain. He also injected chloroform into the hearts of twins, to determine if both siblings would die at the World War II began to take a toll on Hitler but he refused to admit defeat. This caused mass destruction and damage to Germany’s infrastructure, and the massive bombing of major cities. Hitler even began to destroy his own buildings so his enemies could not enjoy the pleasure of defeating him. When he was forced to face the fact that the Allied Powers were soon to defeat him, Hitler committed suicide. (A +E Networks) When the Soviet entered Auschwitz, many buildings and records in the concentration camp had already been destroyed. Buildings were torn down and documents were disposed of. Many Jews had been shipped out of the camp along the railway to other camps. Some of the evidence may have been destroyed but the true horrors that took place in this camp could never be covered up and remained behind in the shaved hair, children’s shoes, piles of bones and corpses, and misery drawn across the survivor’s faces. The thousands of frail Jews left behind at Auschwitz were skin and bones, hopelessly waiting for someone to save them. They may have survived, but they will forever carry with them the mental and physical cars from the horrors of the Holocaust. How to cite Holocaust, Papers Holocaust Free Essays When did the Holocaust begin? I. January 1933- Hitler sworn in as the chancellor of Germany A. Whereas before it was only a plan (one which people though Hitler would forgo when actually in office) was now set into motion. We will write a custom essay sample on Holocaust or any similar topic only for you Order Now B. April of the same year would see the beginning of Hitler’s implementation of such anti- Semitic legislation, starting with the prohibition of Jews from the Civil Service. II. November 1935- Nuremberg Laws enacted A. Jews are now subject to a myriad of prohibitions, aimed at their disemancipation. B. Anti-Semitism takes on a legislative form III. November 1938- Kristallnacht A. 7500 Jewish businesses destroyed B. 267 shuls burned C. 91 Jews killed D. 25000 arrests E. Much legislation is made against Jews. They are now banned from public schools, cinemas, etc. F. The Anti- Semitism is brought out from the parliament and into the streets and homes of the Jews. IV. September 1939- Germany invades Poland A. Aditionally, there is the outline by Heydrich of Jewish policy. 1. Einzatzgruppen 2. Complete census of Jews in Poland 3. Judenrats 4. General Gouvernment 5. A-B Aktion B. Forceful, violent anti-Semitism is made into official policy. V. June 1941- Germany invades Russia A. Slaughter intensifies. 1. Babi Yar 2. Mass ghettoization VI. January 1942-Wannsee Conference A. Defined and outlined the â€Å"Final Solution† 1. Mass murder is employed-institutional murder. VII. These changes both reflect a pre-determined policy which was being implemented in steps, but situations- both military and social- which were presented to the Nazis forced them to reexamine or restructure policy based on need or opportunity. A. Though much legislation was pre-planned, Wannsee, for example was a response to Nazi failure to fully implement Holocaust goals. This meeting was not necessarily planned before the war, but necessity brought about such an increase in the mass murder. VIII. It is impossible to designate a single moment as it is more like a snowball, building up from ages of anti-Semitism and slowly becoming the Holocaust. Question 2- Emigration I. Jews decided to remain in Germany prior to 1938 for three main reasons: A. They and their families have been Germans fro generations and they were not prepared to leave their homes and businesses. B. They were nationalistic and felt pride and connection to Germany. 1. Central Union of Germans of Hebrew Faith -â€Å"No one can rob us of our home and our fatherland. † 2. Rabbi J. Layman, reform rabbi- political change had not affected their commitment to Germany as Germans of the Hebrew faith. Most Jews should stay in Germany because this is their homeland. C. They thought this was only temporary an that the storm would pass. D. Additionally, they really had no where to go. As many hundreds of thousands of Jews did emigrate, the Evian Conference in Evian, France saw many Western European and American countries basically close their doors to Jewish emigration. II. Nazi stance on Jewish emigration A. In 1934, Hitler was advised that emigration would be the answer. 1. Adolf Eichmann bought land in Equator to send the Jews there. B. But in 1937, Nazis changed their minds and emigration wasn’t the answer. C. Nov 1940- Polish Jewish emigration is prohibited. D. October 1941- All Jewish emigration is prohibited out of German occupied territory E. However, Transfer Agreement was enacted in which Jews could buy German products, ship them to Palestine and sell them through the Jewish Agency there. 1. Through this agreement, over 50,000 Jews immigrated to Palestine. Question 3- Jewish Responses to Nazi Law I. Stages of Anti- Jewish Laws A. There were three stages: 1. Removal from Public Life a. Removal from entertainment and press (1933) 2. Anti-Semitism as Policy of State a. Expelling Jewish Immigrants (1934) b. Nuremberg Laws (1935) 3. Deemancipation a. Out of Economic Life (1938) b. Ousted from Public Schools (1938) II. Jewish Reactions- as the needs arose due to various legislation, the Jews responded in various ways. A. April 1933 the Central Committee for Help and Reconstruction- coordinated welfare activities B. September 17, 1933, the National Representation of the German Jews- political representation C. Jewish organizations focused on social work and aid to the needy. D. They established a Jewish educational system for children who had been ousted from the German educational system E. Disseminated information about various countries of destination, and they offered language and vocational classes. Question 4- Raul Hilberg’s Schemes I. Stage One- Identification, Marking, and Concentration A. Nuremberg Laws of 1935 identified someone with three or more Jewish grandparents as a ‘full Jew’- these laws were applied to Poland basically as soon as it was taken over. B. September 21, 1939- Conference led by Heydrich, Chief of the Reich Central Security Office in Berlin discussing long-term future of Polish Jewry. States that there is an â€Å"final aim. † Calls for concentration of Jews in cities, and the formation of ghettos. C. November 23, 1939 Jews were required to be in public with external markings, a white band with the Star of David D. Laws 1. Jews can not relocate without Nazi permission 2. Spatial separation from Poles 3. Other racial Laws E. Concentration of Jews into the General Government and into Ghettos. 4. Most famous ghettos were in Warsaw and Lodz II. Stage Two- Mass Murder A. 1941- Einzatsgruppen employed to kill Jews B. December 1941- Chelmno- first use of gas C. 1941- Babi Yar D. January 1942- Wannsee Conference established â€Å"Final Solution. † E. Use of Concentration Camps and industrialized murder (Auschwitz, etc. ) Question 5- Jewish Resistance I. There was definitely more Jewish resistance than is popularly mentioned. A. Western Europe- fought in mainstream resistance movements B. Eastern Europe- formed their own partisan units C. April- May 1943- Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 1. ZOB, ZZW- Warsaw Jewish fighting units D. There were many other small uprisings in other ghettos. E. Some concentration camps had uprisings. 1. Auschwitz (1944) 2. Sobibor (1943) 3. Treblinka (1943) II. Additionally, there was unarmed resistance A. In Warsaw, leaflets were distributed urging people to avoid deportations, as they were in fact trains to death camps. B. Yehuda Bauer also defines resistance as any activity that gave the Jewish people dignity and humanity in the most humiliating and inhumane conditions. Hence, most of such acts of ‘resistance† went undocumented. Bauer comments how much resistance there really was, despite the conditions they had to endure. stt How to cite Holocaust, Papers

The Austin Museum Of Art Essays - Andy Warhol,

The Austin Museum of Art The Austin Museum of Art The Austin Museum of Art was the first of the three galleries attended. At the time, the museum had a touring "Rock and Roll" exhibit, which had its focus on the influence of the Rock ?and-Roll culture on art. The pieces were arranged in a chronological order and started with the Pop Art of the early 1960's. Located in the section were two silk screens, one of Mick Jaggard and the other of Prince, done by Andy Warhol. There were a few other pieces in this time period that helped to point out a major turning point in both art and photography. It was now okay to use other people's photographs in an art piece. Also, it symbolized a beginning of the manipulation of the photograph. No longer were the artists bound to having their work on paper, there were new and limitless areas to explore now in photography. These were the main works that caught my attention in the museum, but there were many other pieces. Other works went through the abstract and full of color 1960's, until the newer more mechanical art of the 1980's and 90's. After attending the Austin Museum of Art, the students headed for a smaller, more informal gallery. The Dumont Gallery contained works from various photographers that were entered into a contest earlier in the year. Now the pictures were traveling around the state of Texas, and had even made a stop at the MSC in College Station. The pieces in the exhibit made visible the numerous ways in which art and photography can be presented. There were huge photographs, Polaroids, pictures developed onto clothing, series photographs, bound pictures, and a large amount whose methods of production could not be identified. There was one group of photographs done by the same artist that truly caught my attention. The artist, while a young woman did not have a very interesting life, and often sought refuge in the Nancy Drew mystery novels. Now, she has often caught herself talking to people about her life and actually telling the events that happened in the books instead of her life. It was because of those events that she did a series of photographs were she dressed up like Nancy Drew and posed in her pictures that played out the different stories from the books. She decided, why not be her if you think you are her. The last and most relaxed gallery was one that displayed the works of artists from the Austin area. The gallery was actually part of an artist colony called Laughing at the Sun. Inside the building, the pieces were mainly traditional art. There were a few sculpture pieces, but mainly, it was photographs and drawings or paintings. The pieces were actually there to show the relationship of art and human models. The subject was a tribute to the models because without them, the artists would have a harder time producing their work. In addition to looking at the pictures, I found myself more drawn to a corner of the gallery that did not have anything to do with the exhibit. The were beautiful non-ferrous sculptures of feathers, headdresses, spears, and other Native American art. These were all done by a man named Daryl Colburn, who has been a recognized Native American artist. After a quick look in the gallery, the students got a quick tour of the colony and the projects that each artist was undertaking. The people in the colony teach classes to make money, and live and work on the property for free. The only stipulation is that they have to help maintain the property, and be willing to teach the other artists in the colony for free. \After viewing the pieces in the three exhibits, I felt more educated on the evolution of photography and the way a gallery can actually influence my views on a particular piece of art. The first gallery, though it had very interesting pieces, felt stuffy and made you want to move quickly through and leave, while the last display at the artist colony was enjoyable. Laughing at the sun made me want to stay and explore the pictures spending the time to concentrate on each one and see if I could pick out the artist's techniques. If ever in the Austin area, I would definitely attend Laughing at the Sun's gallery.

Gatsbys Revelation essays

Gatsbys Revelation essays When F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote the novel The Great Gatsby, he used a unique writing technique. It used a first-person point of view in the form of a narrator, Nick Carraway, who was also involved in the story. This style allowed the author to withhold any information that he did not present to the narrator in the story, causing the reader to learn things the same way the narrator did. The protagonist in The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby, was revealed to the narrator, Nick, gradually throughout the course of the novel. On the surface, Jay Gatsby appeared to be extremely wealthy and generally happy with his place in life, and this is how he appears to Nick at the beginning of the novel. Gatsby threw big parties and people were not invited; they just showed up, as explained by Nick on page 45: "I was one of the few guests who had actually been invited. People were not invited-they went there"(45). As Nick began to know Gatsby better, he began to realize there was something wrong with Gatsby. Gatsby was obviously unhappy, but the reader was not told why. When Nick goes to New York with Gatsby and meets Meyer Wolfshiem, the reader is given some suspicion that Jay is involved in illegal dealings, because of the hints that Meyer Wolfshiem drops and the things Jay tells Nick about Meyer. The reader is finally told why Gatsby is unhappy at the end of chapter four, when Jordan Baker tells Nick about Gatsby's love for Daisy. The next major revelation about Gatsby does not happen to Nick until much later, but the author decided to place it earlier in the novel so the reader could understand what was going on more easily. Jay Gatsby tells Nick about where he came from, how he got there, and why he got there. Nick realizes that Gatsby is so in love with Daisy that he is crazy and will do anything to get her. It has consumed his life so much that he spent five years leading an illegal life just because of her. Th ...

Definition of a Phase Diagram

Definition of a Phase Diagram Definition: For a given substance, it is possible to make a phase diagram which outlines the changes in phase (see image to the right). Generally temperature is along the horizontal axis and pressure is along the vertical axis, although three-dimensional phase diagrams can also account for a volume axis. Curves representing the Fusion curve (liquid/solid barrier, also known as freezing/melting), the Vaporization curve (liquid/vapor barrier, also known as evaporation/condensation), and the Sublimation curve (solid/vapor barrier)) can be seen in the diagram. The area near the origin is the Sublimation curve and it branches off to form the Fusion curve (which goes mostly upward) and the Vaporization curve (when goes mostly to the right). Along the curves, the substance would be in a state of phase equilibrium, balanced precariously between the two states on either side. The point at which all three curves meet is called the triple point. At this precise temperature and pressure, the substance will be in a state of equilibrium between the three states, and minor variations would cause it to shift between them. Finally, the point at which the Vaporization curve ends is called the critical point. The pressure at this point is called the critical pressure and the temperature at this point is the critical temperature. For pressures or temperatures (or both) above these values, essentially there is a blurry line between the liquid and gaseous states. Phase transitions between them do not take place, although the properties themselves can transition between those of liquids and those of gases. They just do not do so in a clear-cut transition, but metamorph gradually from one to another. For more on phase diagrams, including three-dimensional phase diagrams, see our article on states of matter. Also Known As: state diagram, change of phase diagram, change of state diagram

Data Collection and Funding for Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Data Collection and Funding for - Research Paper Example sampling will be stratified. The number of patients will be differentiated into different categories because this can enhance the focus on certain percentage of people who can show higher probability of lower medication errors. Medical cards and day-today reports can also be used as an effective tool to identify hypothesis readily. The reason behind using this tool is because it allows gaining valuable data within very short span of time. Considering the case of SSC and CMT in lowered medication error, this manner of data collection is likely to be proven as effective. There can be limitations underlying with the process because there are less instances of people making use of CMT (Green, 2010). It should also be noted that the above mentioned tools are basically provided by a medical institution as per consent granted by patient’s family or patient and organization. These medical records are highly sensitive and cannot be claimed without consent and copyrighted documentation for its utilization in the research work. As a matter of fact, the researcher shall approach the authorities and write application forms for the families as well as the administration of the medical organization. This will surely take some time for clearance but once the consent is received then it will be easier to carry on with the research work i.e. data analysis. There could be a number of health care institutions that can be approached considering the significance of the research. It is surely the need of research regarding SSC and CMT relationship in having increased number of awareness of communicable diseases. Other than medical institutions that are involved in the contribution of innovation and assessment of medical phenomenon, there are various committees that provide research funding. These funding institutions serve the goal of evaluating lack of literature (Dupin & Chupin, 2013). In particular, organizations that are basically involved

Public Relations for Non-Profit Organization Essay

Public Relations for Non-Profit Organization - Essay Example Therefore the media should take at least six weeks before handing over the message to the media to be publicized, this timing normally include preparing, distribution and deciding on the method that is effective enough to reach the public. 1 On the effective methods to be applied, the media person may apply the following methods: Community Calendars and Public Service Announcements, under this, calendars are mainly used to promote respective events in the society these events are always of general interests for all non- profit organisations, for them to be listed in the medias schedule, they should be written earlier before the particular event is practiced. While the Public Service Announcements are normally easy to read since they require little rewriting. Theses announcements should be organized in a manner that will be able to make the audience retain the message. In case of an electronic media, the information should be typed and double spacing should be provided including the phonetic pronunciations for the unknown words, it should also indicate who will be conducting the event, the venue, the nature of the event, and the date of the event. One should consider the opinions of the editorial staff of the media house on the issue that would be used to create interest to the public. Under this case, if anyone comes up with an opposing view, then he is given an opportunity to rebut the issue. For the announcement to be productive it should therefore be brief, accurate and clear on the message that the practitioner intends to communicate to the public.2 The director of the association should therefore seek promotion of the association, to enable them generate a positive image through media coverage by the use of publications and broadcasts which will afterwards influence the public in financing the agency. As a director you should then ensure that the following strategies are applied in the association; Public relations- this is normally defined as, the process of correcting the reputation of the organisation to the targeted audiences with the current issues of the association. This normally involves the evaluation of public and personal opinions over a particular issue, formulation of procedures related to communication between the association and the audiences, and coordination of communication programs within and without the particular departments of the association. The use of public relations is, to enhance a positive media coverage thus increasing the awareness of the organisation to the public; therefore the Windwill Housing Association should use the following tactics in achieving this goal: Writing News Releases: This should involve framing of the issue which should be written with a journalistic angle, this should be used to inform the public about the financial problem under which its headline should be Attractive, thus grabbing the readers attention, its paragraphs should contain relevant information about the subject matter including the who, what, when, why and where questions this release should also be able to describe the history of the associatio

Climate Change Mitigation To Adaptation And Resilience Environmental Sciences Essay

Climate Change Mitigation To Adaptation And Resilience Environmental Sciences Essay Recent studies on climatic science suggest that our climate does not increase or decrease in a steady and slow pace as we once thought (Parry, et al. 2007). Rather, it changes abruptly over a short period due to a combination of natural or external forcing and anthropological factors (Parry, et al. 2007). However, the most compelling issue regarding climate change is not its main contributing agent but the reality that our climate is indeed or will inevitably change and that we have to do something in response to that change. In its fourth assessment report (AR4) in 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) acknowledges that by the turn of the century our ecosystem will be overwhelmed by unprecedented combination of climate change and natural disasters such as flooding, wildfire and insect infestation, and other anthropogenic global change drivers such as land-use change, over pollution and over extraction of natural resources. The impact and magnitude of these disru ptions would take a costly toll on food security, water supply, health and the economy especially on settlements in low lying areas such as coastal and flood plains where most rapid urbanization in many developing countries is taking place. This is compounded by the fact that these will leave urban poor communities, which are usually in high concentration on those areas, highly vulnerable and unable to deal with these changes due to their limited adaptive capacity. This research explores the need to shift the current emphasis of climate change agenda on developing countries from mitigation to adaptation and resilience. It also relates the current trends in urban adaption on climate change concerning global perspective of international communities and the perspective of local state actors. It further explores the growing interests on utilizing resilience principles on top of conventional adaptation measures on its potency to address uncertainties that adaptation plans are not able to predict and account for. Research Problem I am studying how the practices and characteristics of low-lying and coastal urban poor communities in Metro Manila, which are perennially exposed to climatic stresses, make them sensitive or resilient to climate change, and to what extent these attributes able to contribute to the communities climate resiliency. While many studies point out that urban poor communities are one the highest vulnerable to climate change and ASLR, very few studies have actually been made that assess their needs for resilience. Without sufficient information regarding adaptation strategies to climate change, urban planners and managers are bound to haphazardly develop action plans in response to climate change. By exploring the strengths and limitations of these practices, this research aims to provide a better understanding on how urban planners and managers could improve upon these practices in addressing the residual effects of climate variability. Research Questions Vulnerability What are the effects of unpredictable climate variability to low-lying and coastal urban communities? Resilience What are the intrinsic characteristics of the barangay that makes them resilient to climate change? What indicators can be used to assess climate resilience at the barangay level? What are the national programs, policies and plans that aim to directly enhance climate change resilience and to what extent do these address issues of resilience at the barangay level? Implications What are the implications of the results of this study to urban planning and management at the city level and, concurrently, at the barangay level? Research Objectives To explore the characteristics of vulnerable urban settlements with respect to unpredictable climate variability To explore the climate resilient characteristics of communities The describe the extent of these characteristics in degrading and/or enhancing the resilience of urban communities To explain the validity of existing literature on generally accepted indicators for climate change resilience at the community level To evaluate how the results of this study could influence decision-making at the local level Scope and Limitations The study will involve the vulnerability and resilience assessment of two urban barangays in Metro Manila or in the Greater Manila Area, one with CBRM and the other with no CBRM. Further, the selection barangays is limited by the availability of required secondary data for the assessment. The study shall cover social, economic and environmental indicators linked to vulnerability and resilience based on the studies of Ibarrarà ¡n et al. (2009) on VRIM and Cutter (2008) on DROP. Limitations are directly derived from the limitations of the assessments models as acknowledged by their authors. Literature Review Responding to climate change necessitates a two-pronged approach: decreasing amount of GHG emissions will while at the same time addressing the impacts that are already manifested on vulnerable populations. Whether by merit good or by the financial prospects of clean development mechanism projects, a significant number of mitigation programs have already been implemented all over the even among countries that are non-Annex I party to UNFCCC (Chandler, et al. 2002) (UNFCCC 2010). Reduction of carbon emissions and carbon footprint are widely associated nowadays with climate change and became new buzzwords in media literature. These positively reflect on the existing attitude towards global commitment in reducing target GHG emissions. Adaptation, on the other hand, receives less media mileage and more or less the same attention from international assistance community in the form of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the bilateral and multilateral donors (Hayes 2006) due to its fu zzy nature. While this study does not discount the fact of the fundamental import of reducing global GHG emissions to their natural assimilation levels, it tries to highlight the increasing urgency of adapting to climate change. Fà ¼ssel (2007) posits four arguments which presuppose the emerging need for climate change adaptation: (1) the effects of anthropogenic GHG emissions are already felt on recent history of climatic extremes and unprecedented variability, (2) climate records from fossil data show that climate changed periodically in the past and will continue to do so indefinitely, (3) GHG continuous to accumulate so do the rate of global warming, (4) the effectiveness of adaptation programs implemented whether locally and/or regionally are not easily influenced by other strategic actions, and (5) there is a growing momentum of interest among development organizations to fund climate adaptation programs as reflected by the growing number of climate change assessment techniques. Hayes (20 06) adds that unlike mitigation measures, adaptation measures have always been practiced by societies and governments in responding to climate variability. While this makes it difficult to separate it from for those done in response or in anticipation to anthropogenic induced climate change, it is also in the realm of familiarity for many related professions and state actors. Many civilizations have learned to deal with the climate constraints overtime, usually in response to lack of water resources during dry periods (e.g., Egyptians Nile River irrigation system, Roman aqueduct, Mesopotamian dams) or the exceeding abundance of it during rainy season (Venetian Grand Canal, floating villages in Thailand and Cambodia). Fussel and Klein (2006) also points out the difficulty in monitoring the results and impacts of adaptation programs in aiding its intended beneficiary. There is a significant degree of uncertainty to what extent is the program able to reduce the impact of climate change . This raises a concern among international funding institutions as development programs necessitate a certain measure that ensures their effectiveness. Moreover, while mitigation measures done local level is generally considered to have a global impact, the same cannot be said for adaptation strategies that have a more localized benefit (Hayes 2006). Ironically, those who are least able to pay for it local communities from poor and under developed countries, suffer the brunt of costs by climate change. UNFCCC estimated that by 2030 the total investment and financial flows needed for adaptation is about $49-171 billion, of which $28-67 billion are needed by developing countries alone (UNFCCC, 2007). Emergence of resilience Climate change adaptation refers to a broad range of initiatives and measures that reduce the vulnerability of natural and human systems against actual or expected climate change effects such as (Metz, et al. 2007). Adaptation to climate change occurs as a response to an extreme event that exceeds the normal coping range of a system. It reacts and anticipates to these shocks continuously, given that the system is given sufficient capability, time and resources to cope up increasing its adaptive capacity. The context of adaptation is influenced by the climate-sensitive domain under study, types of climate hazard present, certainty of climate change models, on-climatic conditions in the form of political, economic, cultural and other environmental forcings, purposefulness, timing, planning horizon, form whether technical, institutional, legal or otherwise; and the actors involved. Due to its diverse context, there is no single approach to adaptation. It may take in the form or combina tion of anticipatory and reactive measures, private and public domains, and autonomous and planned measures. As stated before, many forms adaptation measures are not new. It incorporates well-established disciplines already practiced in the realm of regional and urban planning such as coastal resource management, disaster risk management, and integrated flood management. It is also present in public health management and advances in agricultural science research in developing pest/drought/flood resistant crops. However, we should also consider that some aspects of climate change adaptation arose very recently in contemporary history. Further elaborating on this papers introduction, our world have are starting to experience unprecedented climate conditions and extremes at an unprecedented rate of change. This limits the ability of many ecological systems and human communities to cope and adapt with changes. Further, the domain of identified climate sensitive receptors is continually expanding, necessitates the involvement of disciplinary approaches and actors not traditionally involved with regional-local planning and development such as gender, mathematics, communication, sociology, atmospheric sciences. Recent advances in climatic sciences also offer decision-makers and planners critical and timely information on determining the extent, magnitude, origin and, to some extent, the trajectory of climate induced impacts that are not available before. However, these new developments also bring with discoveries also pits traditional approaches to local climate variability with the more complex dynamics global climate change. Access to better prediction models also exposes limitations of adaptation structures in resolving uncertainties which results from sudden and extreme changes. Most urban planners and policy makers take into account the risk of natural disasters such as storms, flood and earthquake and by extension climate change. However, it is often in the light of natural catastrophic disaster such as floods, tsunamis and typhoons. It is less seen in the context of t he multiple hazards of an ever-changing climate to food security, health, disruptions to ecological balance and increasing vulnerabilities of urban centers. At the heart of these issues is the enabling capability to alleviate these uncertainties which is compounded by the nature of climate change: (1) it crosses local, national and global boundaries; (2) its effects are felt for many decades or even centuries; (3) overlaps and interacts with many layers of ecological systems; (4) it is a highly dynamic process whose domain entrenches social, economic and environmental spheres easily a sustainability issue. Adaptation measures are only effective if it is able to account and anticipate the magnitude of shock it is designed to suppress. Effective adaptation policies are developed by decision makers based on available prediction data. Uncertainties in these cases could lead to overestimation, which wastes valuable resources that could be allocated to other tasks, underestimation which exposes them to the risk of overwhelming impact (Barnett 2001), ignorance of a calamity that will hit them or indeterminate and prolonged exposure to climatic stress. There are many approaches to climate change adaptation in current literature; one of the more prevalent approaches is through increasing the resilience of systems, both human and ecological. Strengthening of resilience aims to increase a systems ability to cope with shocks, prolonged disturbances and unknown/wildcard forcings. Resilience is a measure of the ability of systems to absorb changes of state variables, driving variables and parameters (Holling 1973). These systems are able reorganize by undergoing change while retaining essentially the same function, structure, identity and feedbacks (Walker, et al. 2004). Resilience is not simply a return-to-original-state process. In the realm of social-ecological system, by extension the urban environment, Walker et al. (2004) further relates resilience to adaptability and transformability, the capacity to create a fundamentally new system when ecological, economic, or socio-political conditions make the existing system untenable. A citys resilience to climate change is therefore defined by its capacity to continuously respond, withstand the effects of climate variability, and still function organically. Resilience to climate change requires urban governments to display the following characteristics: decentralization and autonomy, accountability and transparency, responsiveness and flexibility, participation and inclusion and experience and support (Tanner, et al. 2009). A study on the role of local government units on climate change adaptation in the province of Albay, Philippines revealed that communities experiencing frequent and severe climate hazards are more aware and responsive to the need climate change adaptation on (Lasco, et al. 2008). This is supported by the presence of political will and the numerous policies, programs and projects (PPPs) that the provincial government has enacted and implemented. Working with adaptation programs at a mesoscale or provincial scale was also found to be more cost-e ffective than having to delegate it to smaller and more numerous municipalities. Place-based resilience vs. person-or-household-based resilience This research body builds upon the arguments presented by Adger (2003) in his paper on social capital, collection action and adaptation. He posits that communities, especially in developing countries, are focal points of social collective action and social capital building necessary for increasing adaptive capacity at the local level. In the Philippines, barangays are the smallest political administration unit entrusted by the government to promote social, economic and environmental welfare. Barangays are also tapped in most local development projects. Moreover, it also forms as the social circle of its inhabitants. However, it should be cautioned that the barangays do not necessarily draw community boundaries. Due to its political nature as an administrative unit, barangay is chosen as the scale for this study due to potential available secondary data from documents and reports from both public and private institutions. Adger (2003) also highlighted three lessons that are further explored in this study: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦adaptive capacityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ has culture and place-specific characteristics that can be identified only through culture and place- specific research. there are the institutional prerequisites for the evolution and persistence of collective action and its relative importance compared to state intervention institutional theories of social capital provide a means to generalize the macro level determinants of adaptive capacity In light of these arguments, while this study shall be looking at the resilience of the community or the barangay as a whole, it will take in to account both place-based and person-based induced resilience as well as the influence of macro level policies that aim to enhance local adaptive capacity. Winnick (1966) and Bolton (1992) discusses the conflict and significance of place prosperity and people prosperity in the development of national policies that aims to assist to individuals and places. Measuring Resilience It is important to note that measuring resilience (and adaptive capacity) is a complicated issue that is largely unresolved. The resilience concepts presented above is just a sample of what is currently available in literature. Differences in data types (physical/social, quantitative/qualitative), temporal and spatial scales, and view on what variable and what receptors are critical produce different approaches to resilience building. Wardekker et al. (2009) summarizes the above characteristics of a resilient system into the following six principles listed in the table below. Table 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ: Principles and characteristics of a resilient system Principles Characteristics Homeostasis multiple feedback loops counteract disturbances and stabilize the system Omnivory vulnerability is reduced by diversification of resources and means High flux a fast rate of movement of resources through the system ensures fast mobilization of these resources to cope with perturbations Flatness the hierarchical levels relative to the base should not be top-heavy. Overly hierarchical systems with no local formal competence to act are too inflexible and too slow to cope with surprise and to rapidly implement non-standard highly local responses. Buffering essential capacities are over-dimensioned such that critical thresholds in capacities are less likely to be crossed Redundancy overlapping functions; if one fails, others can take over Source: Adapted from Operationalising a resilience approach to adapting an urban delta to uncertain climate change by Wardekker, et al. (2009) Another method for measuring resilience is proposed by Malone and Brenkert (2008) and Moss et al. (2000) using a vulnerability-resilience indicator model (VRIM). The said model utilizes a comprehensive framework that goes beyond the analysis of hazards exposure at the same time taking into account location based factors of resilience. VRIM is a four-tier model: (1) resilience index from sensitivity and adaptive capacity, (2) vital sectors (human, economy, environment), (3) proxy variables for each sector; and (4) scenario projection. Malone and Brenkert (2008) point out that the said model, as with many indicator based research, is not able to account for the function of demographic and social characteristics. Shaw et al. (2009) also proposed a similar approach but on a city scale. They developed a Climate Disaster Resilience Index that tries to account for the localized effects of climate-induced disasters, such as cyclone, flood, heat wave, drought and heavy rainfall induced landslide. The model assessed overall resilience based on natural, physical, social, economic and institutional resilience. Cutter et al. (2008) provides an attempt in integrating these unaccounted socioeconomic characteristics by proposing a new framework for measuring disaster resilience called disaster resilience of place (DROP) model. The said model improves upon the existing comparative assessment for disaster resilience at the community level. Their seminal paper in 2008 provides an initial candidate set of variables that will be used in the model. The model has three limitations: (1) it is specifically designed to address natural hazards; (2) it focuses on community-level resilience; (3) it focuses on social resilience of places; and (4) it does not into account national policies and legislations that may have significant influence of on community resilience. The model measures inherent vulnerability and resilience of the community using the following indicators: ecological, social, economic, institutional, infrastructure, and community competence. As of the papers publication, the model proposed w as not yet operationalized. The authors also suggest on improving and standardizing the initial set of indicators. Adaptation planning in Southeast Asia Lao PDR, Cambodia, Myanmar Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore National adaptation planning in the Philippines Existing Policies (CAA, CWA, ESWM, Rainwater (RA 6716) Recently passed CC law and recently signed National Framework on Climate Change Initiatives (CCCI Sorsogon, Albay, Malabon) Assessments (EEPSEA, Manila Observatory, IACCC, Sales) Gaps A recent project of UN Habitat in the Sorsogon City, Sorsogon, Philippines on promoting community resilience reflects the still-prevailing needs of many cities in developing countries (1) enabling capacity to implement measures in combating contemporary issues such as climate change; and (2) strong public involvement at all levels of planning, decision-making process and implementation. The latter case being largely solved (or at least in the process of being solved) already at least in countries where there is a strong presence of internationally denominated donor agencies. The former however is still largely unresolved. This is clearly echoed by the development priorities on capacity building and technical assistance from international assistance mentioned. Prioritizing the acquisition of knowledge and skills is clearly the first step in the effort of achieving climate change resilience. This, together with the strengthening of organic links within the city further inspires local cooperative action. Further, while it is one of the most essential parts for climate adaptation action, it is also one of the easiest to implement technically and financially. These effort necessitates only the participation of the vulnerably populations (which is a sufficient incentive given the perceived threat) and political willingness and resolve of local authorities (vulnerable populations are also potential voters). Local governments, such as Sorsogon City, as pointed out by Lasco et al. (2008), which are often exposed to the climate-induced hazards are those who are more readily aware to the needs of climate change, yet are unable to respond due to their limited set of knowledge and skills. Urban Planning Management and resilience Urban planning and management has big role, nay, it has the central role in building urban climate resiliency. Already illustrated in the examples given in the previous section are domains such as effective land use, public transport systems and housing on which urban planning are already championed in the circles of environmental sustainability, equity, economic development and climate change. On the other hand, there are also domains which are new (or whose responsibility is not often relegated or less visible) with urban planning such as energy, water and food security. Sourcing (or outsourcing) of these three sectors are often outside urban governance. These are often nationally or regionally shared resource and are also largely dealt with by such authorities. But then again, with the increasing need for resilience from external shocks brought by oil crisis, prolonged drought, food-biofuel competition, flood and other man-made and natural calamities, cities should start focusing on developing alternative options for these three sectors. This concept evades urban planning and management cultures even in many developed cities that are still highly reliant on resources taken outside (city as a parasite). Urban climate resilience is the marriage of urban management and governance, both old and new, which is of an advantage as it is already in the sphere of familiarity. It is wrong, however, to assume that climate resilience is just about semantics and simply a repackaging of existing concepts. Climate change resilience puts these concepts into perspective. It gives us a framework that guides us coherently toward securing sustained and uninterrupted city development that is responsive to the growing threats of climate change. In an age of unprecedented extremes in climate variability, selective and compartmental adaptation measures for climate change, marred with the inability to respond to uncertainties and ignorance of unforeseen calamities, only give misguided notion of resolution and maybe suspect to failure. Methodology The proceeding section discusses the specific aims and the methodologies of this research. Type of Research This research uses mixed method approach. It is a primarily qualitative study but augmented and validated by quantitative approaches as well. The qualitative approach aims to: Explore the characteristics of vulnerable urban settlements with respect to unpredictable climate variability. Determine the perceived effects of climate change. It aims to map out economic and livelihood fabrics and determine how these dependencies strengthen or weaken the communities resilience. Explore the climate resilient characteristics of communities with respect to their inherent capacities and local practices Describe the extent of these characteristics in degrading and/or enhancing the resilience of urban communities Evaluate how the results of this study could influence decision-making at the local and meso level The quantitative approach of this study aims to: Describe the effects of climate variability on the urban community using indicator-based measurement tools Explain the validity and limitations of existing literature on generally accepted indicators for climate change resilience at the community level Methodological Framework Research Instruments Unstructured interviews Key informant interviews (semi-structured) Review of published reports and public documents Livelihood mapping/zoning Onsite observations FGD Analysis Instruments Research Question Critical Information Set Data Sources Data Collection Techniques What are the effects of unpredictable climate variability to low-lying and coastal urban communities? Flood data Health records Mortality rate Other effects identified/perceived by respondents (exploratory) News articles Journal articles Published reports Key informant and respondents account Communities accounts Public documents and reports Documentation Analyses of published accounts/reports and public documents Unstructured interviews FGDs What makes these communities vulnerable to climate change? Settlement/infrastructure sensitivity Food security Ecosystem sensitivity Human health sensitivity Water resource sensitivity Economic and livelihood fabric Key informant accounts News articles Published reports Public documents and reports Journal articles Documentation Analyses of published accounts/reports and public documents Key informant interviews On site observations Livelihood mapping/zoning What are the intrinsic characteristics of the community that makes them resilient to climate change? Community competence Social networks and social embeddedness Community values-cohesion Institutional capacity Economic capacity Human civic resources Access to vital infrastructure and services Institutional capacity Social capital Indigenous practices Key informant and respondents account Communities accounts Observation News articles Published reports Public documents and reports Documentation Analyses of published accounts/reports and public documents Unstructured interviews FGDs Attitude surveys Key informant interviews On site observations What are the national programs, policies and plans that aim to directly enhance climate change resilience? Number and nature of strategic actions (PPPs) Public documents and reports Authorative reports and analyses regarding these PPPs Key informant interviews with experts Analyses of published accounts/reports and public documents Key informant interviews What are the implications of the results of this study to urban planning and management? Results of the study Expert judgment Study area The study shall be conducted on two communities located in Metro Manila or in Greater Manila Area: (1) urban barangay located on the coastal zone with CBRM and (1) urban barangay located along the coast with NO CBRM. The barangays can be selected from already-identified vulnerable cities or communities from existing studies of Perez et al. (1996), Sales (2009), EEPSEA and others.

USCGA Personal Statement

The service requirements after attending the academy loud enable me to support my country in a positive matter. I would wear the USC uniform with great pride. These long-term goals I have shared with you are only some of the few I have set for myself. Through my youth I have also set short-term goals such as entering the National Honor Society (NASH) in my DOODAD School. In order to achieve this goal I organized myself, and focused on all the important details such as 3. 4 GAP or higher, community service hours, and other leadership positions that were required in order to apply for a position.Once this goal was met, more effort from my part was put forth in order to obey the code of conduct and fulfill new expectations. Thirty years from now, want to be able to look back on my life and be proud of what I accomplished. All of my life have been a military child, a proud one at that. Have always looked up at those who serve with great respect and can honestly say they have taught me pl enty, not only through lectures but also through their actions. Thus from a young age I have come to see that there is no better way to pay back our country than to seer. In its military. Standing up for what we believe in assist keeps our country free. In which I have come to believe that the Coast Guard Academy can teach me lessons beyond that of any other college in the country. There, I will receive an excellent education, a solid foundation for a successful career and future, and become a far more effective leader. Throughout my youth I have had various conversations with those family members such as my father(s) who serve in the U. S. Coast Guard/Army, about the importance of leadership and their ride for their many accomplishments.Thus I cannot think of any greater goal and challenge than earning the privilege of attending the USAGE and later command position. To conclude, the united States Coast Guard Academy not only matches my college aspirations, but also my life goals. A ttending the academy would be the roots to my success. When individuals ask why I would attend any military academy, my reply in three simple words is: Pride, Honor, and Service.

Hug Your Customers - 1087 Words

Hug Your Customer Jessica Gallentine By: Jack Mitchell Published by: Hyperion Copyright: 2003 Pages: 271 There are eight parts to this book they are: Hugging 101: the principles of passionate customer service From three suits to three thousand: evolving a hugging organization The big secret: how to hire and retain great associates Olive doesn t work here anymore: you can t compete with technology Game day: It s about playing to win The formula: have an economic model We love mistakes: what to do when you mess up The power of new: constantly freshen your hugging culture Part 1: Hugging 101 In part one they talk about how if you sell with passion you will develop long-term loyal†¦show more content†¦Your customers know what they need, you do not have to tell them. Part 6: The formula Analyze your economic formula, the focus of this must be that you only spend money if it positively effects your customers. Also integrity is key, this especially applies to finances, and is more important than ever. Part 7: We love mistakes The key is to look at mistakes as challenges and opportunities, not problems! Although customers will always remember when you mess up, they will remember more is what you did to fix it. The best way to do this is to follow this 5 step plan: recognize your mistake admit to your mistake apologize fix it give the customer a hug One great way to avoid mistakes is to as customers how you are doing. It is the only true way to find out what you could do better. So ask, listen, and learn. Part 8: The power of new You always need something new, core products and services are not enough. Customers want new hip things. If you don t change with the times, you get left behind. You must think outside of the box, don t be afraid to share ideas with a noncompeting business. Sometimes swapping ideas is the best way to get out of your comfort zone.(its a good thing) Lastly raise the bar. If you ve met you goals great! But now its time for new ones. The three things I have found useful in this book are that everyone should be on the floor, keeping a dataShow MoreRelatedHow My Love For Starbucks Extends Beyond Life801 Words   |  4 Pagestumbles off of the counter and spills onto the man’s loafers. Naturally, I grab the mop and set up a recovery card for the man with chai all over his shoes. â€Å"I’m so sorry, sir! Please take this card and use it for a free item off the menu! We can pay for your shoes to be cleaned as well,† I apologized. The man scowled at me and then rolled his eyes. He growled, â€Å"I expect a fresh drink in my hand! What a pain! 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Conflict Theory And Social Learning Theory - 3171 Words

Fruitvale Station Jenna Shirley University of New England Fruitvale Station is a movie that has the capability to bring many emotions to the surface. This movie can foster critical thinking, but it can also draw the viewer in to experience the raw emotions and suspenseful moments of this real life story. Unfortunately, Oscar Grant’s life was ended abruptly after he spent the night celebrating the New Year with his friends and girlfriend, Sophina. From this story, it is clear that Oscar was attempting to change his story by being a better father to his daughter, Tatiana, thinking about marrying Sophina, and better providing for his family by getting a stable job and being a man that his mother and sister could rely upon. While the incident that occurred at Fruitvale Station could be analyzed from any variety of theories, this paper will examine these events from the lens of Conflict Theory and Social Learning Theory. 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